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Apologie pour l'histoire ou métier d'historien by Marc Bloch book cover
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Apologie pour l'histoire ou métier d'historien

Photo of Marc Blochby Marc Bloch
Pages
📄 160
Published
📅 2018
Language
🌐 EN
ISBN
🔖 9782200621834
✅ Who should read this: History students, professional researchers, and intellectually curious readers interested in the philosophy and methodology of historical inquiry.

📘 About This Book

Cofondateur, en 1929, de la revue Annales, le grand historien Marc Bloch fut une des victimes de Klaus Barbie. Fusillé le 16 juin 1944 à Saint-Didier-de-Formans (Ain), près de Lyon, il laissait inachevé un ouvrage de méthodologie, Apologie pour l'histoire ou Métier d'historien - sous-titré dans son plan le plus ancien ou Comment et pourquoi travaille un historien -, qui fut publié en 1949 par Lucien Febvre. Avec la publication de cette nouvelle édition de l'ouvrage posthume de Marc Bloch, son fils aîné, Etienne Bloch, nous livre aujourd'hui le texte dans son intégralité et sans modification aucune. En effet, Lucien Febvre n'avait pu disposer, au lendemain de la guerre, de tous les manuscrits et avait, par ailleurs, procédé à quelques remaniements. C'est dire combien cette édition est capitale : on y découvrira l'oeuvre dans sa forme intégrale, le travail d'un historien affirmant l'intérêt de l'histoire, légitimant une science historique, définissant des pratiques, des objectifs, une éthique, son "métier" . On y redécouvrira aussi la modernité de cette réflexion, du regard porté sur l'histoire, cette "science en marche" , cette "science des hommes dans le temps" , grâce auquel se fonde l'espoir que "les sociétés consentiront enfin à organiser rationnellement, avec leur mémoire, leur connaissance d'elles-mêmes" .

📖 Summary

Apologie pour l'histoire ou métier d'historien (The Historian's Craft) is an unfinished masterpiece written by French historian and resistance fighter Marc Bloch during the dark days of World War II, shortly before his execution by the Gestapo. Conceived as a passionate defense and explanation of the historical profession, the book transcends a mere methodological manual to become a profound philosophical meditation on the nature of human time, memory, and inquiry. Bloch challenges the rigid, dusty 19th-century view of history as merely a chronological accumulation of dead facts and dates. Instead, he defines history as the vibrant 'science of men in time,' emphasizing the inseparable link between the human present and the human past. The text explores foundational concepts for historical research, such as the observation of historical evidence, the transmission of testimony, historical criticism (distinguishing truth from falsehood), and the problem of historical causation. Bloch famously warns against the 'idolatry of origins,' arguing that explaining a phenomenon simply by tracing its earliest beginnings often leads to a genetic fallacy that obscures its true evolution and present meaning. He also stresses the importance of interdisciplinary approaches, urging historians to look beyond written documents to understand geography, language, and material culture. Written under harrowing personal circumstances, Bloch's work radiates an infectious passion for intellectual curiosity and humanism. It serves not only as a practical guide for researchers navigating archives and evaluating sources, but also as an ethical imperative for societies to understand their past so they may act wisely in the present. The Historian's Craft remains an enduring classic of historiography, continually inspiring generations of scholars to approach the study of the past with rigorous skepticism, empathy, and imagination.

🎯 Key Lessons

1History is fundamentally the 'science of men in time,' focusing on human societies and continuous change rather than isolated events.
2Avoid the 'idolatry of origins,' which falsely assumes that explaining a phenomenon's beginning completely explains its current reality.
3Historical criticism is essential; sources must be rigorously tested, cross-examined, and understood within their specific context.
4The past and present are inextricably linked; understanding the present helps illuminate the past, and vice versa.
5An effective historian must possess broad intellectual curiosity, drawing upon psychology, geography, and sociology.

💬 Notable Quotes

"Le bon historien ressemble à l'ogre de la légende. Là où il flaire la chair humaine, là il sait que là est son gibier."
"Comprendre le présent par le passé, c'est, certes, la fonction première que beaucoup assignent à notre étude. Mais savoir aussi comprendre le passé par le présent n'est pas moins plein de services."
"Les hommes ressemblent plus à leurs temps qu'à leurs pères."
"L'incompréhension du présent naît fatalement de l'ignorance du passé. Mais il n'est peut-être pas moins vain de s'épuiser à comprendre le passé si l'on ne sait rien du présent."
"Derrière les vestiges concrets, les écrits, les institutions, ce sont les hommes qu'il faut saisir."
"Toute science suppose, dans ses méthodes, un accord constant entre le νοῦς et la main."

⚖️ Pros & Cons

✅ Pros

Written with immense passion, clarity, and philosophical depth by a master historian.

Provides timeless, practical methodological advice for evaluating sources and conducting research.

Elevates the study of history from a mechanical chore into a vital humanistic enterprise.

⚠️ Cons

Left unfinished due to the author's tragic execution during World War II.

Some specific examples and academic debates referenced reflect the historiographical context of early 20th-century Europe.

✍️ About the Author

❓ FAQ

Is this book worth reading? +

Yes, it is widely considered one of the greatest and most inspiring reflections on the philosophy and practice of history ever written.

How long does it take to read? +

Typically around 3 to 5 hours, as it is a relatively concise text of roughly 150 to 200 pages depending on the edition.

What is the main message? +

History is not a sterile collection of past facts, but a dynamic, critical science of humanity in time that helps us understand both who we were and who we are.

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